May Day in Europe: what's open and what's closed on May 1–3 in EU countries

During the May holidays in Europe, the working hours of shops, transport, and institutions change. Find out how to plan your trip to the EU between May 1 and 3 to avoid unpleasant surprises.

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May holidays are not only traditional picnics with friends, but also a period when the usual rhythm of life changes in many countries of the European Union. This is especially true for public transport, government agencies, banks, and even shops. To avoid unpleasant surprises, Ukrainians who are abroad or planning a trip to the EU should familiarize themselves in advance with the peculiarities of celebrating International Labor Day in different countries.

What is celebrated on May 1 in Europe?

May 1 is an official holiday in most EU countries. It is International Labor Day, a holiday that dates back to the late 19th century, when workers in the US and Europe began to demand better working conditions and an 8-hour workday. In modern Europe, this day is a symbol of labor solidarity and respect for workers' rights.

May 1 is usually accompanied by various rallies, cultural events, or family recreation. In many countries, festive events are organized at the municipal level.

Which countries have holidays in early May?

May 1 is a public holiday in most European countries: Germany, France, Italy, Poland, Spain, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Belgium, Greece, and others completely or partially suspend the work of institutions and enterprises.

The Netherlands does not celebrate May 1 as a public holiday (exception: trade union events are possible).

In the UK, most regions do not have a public holiday on May 1, but the Early May Bank Holiday falls on the first Monday in May.

Poland has two public holidays: May 1 is Labor Day and May 3 is Constitution Day. Both days are official holidays.

If May 1 falls on a Thursday, some organizations, especially private companies and educational institutions, may declare May 2 an additional day off, turning these days into a long weekend.

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What is open and what is closed in Europe during the May holidays?

● Shops and supermarkets: In Germany, France, Italy, Poland, and other EU countries, most large supermarkets are closed on May 1. In tourist centers, small private shops or gas stations are sometimes open, but you shouldn't count on them and it's better to do your shopping in advance, especially if you plan to cook for yourself or travel.

● Government offices: Banks, post offices, government agencies, and medical facilities (except for emergency services) are usually closed on May 1. In Poland, this rule also applies to May 3.

● Public transportation: Runs on a holiday or Sunday schedule, so service may be reduced. In some cities, subways and trams run less frequently, and some routes may be temporarily out of service. Check the schedule in advance on the official websites of local transport or in apps.

● Cafes, restaurants, tourist locations: In resort areas or large cities, most of these establishments are usually open, especially if the holiday falls on a weekend. However, opening hours may be reduced. In small towns or rural areas, restaurants and museums may be closed.

● Bakeries and small shops: In Germany, May 1 is almost a “dead day”: even most bakeries are closed. The same applies to many provincial regions of Italy and Austria.

Important reminder! If you plan to spend May 1-3 in European countries, don't forget to get a Green Card — compulsory car insurance for traveling abroad. Also, purchase travel insurance that will cover expenses in case of illness or unforeseen situations — you can quickly get it online at the Visit Ukraine portal.

We remind you! BorschtFest is an opportunity to feel at home and make a donation to the Ukrainian army. The event started in April and will continue until mid-September. Find out where and when the event will take place by following the link.

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